Bridge
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  • An active network device used to divide a network into mutually isolated segments while maintaining the whole as a single network. It connects and passes packets between two network segments, based on their destination addresses.
     
  • Bridges connect two local-area networks (LANs) or two segments of the same LAN. The two LANs being connected can be alike or dissimilar. For example, a bridge can connect an Ethernet with a Token-Ring network. Unlike routers, bridges are protocol-independent. They simply forward packets without analyzing and re-routing messages. Consequently, they're faster than routers, but also less versatile.
     
  • Bridges operate at the data link layer of the OSI reference model, and are transparent to protocols and to higher level devices like routers.
     
  • Bridge devices are specified in the IEEE 802.1D standard.
     
  • Bridges are smarter than repeaters, in that they know which computers are on which side of the bridge, so they only allow those messages that need to get to the other side to cross the bridge. This device improves performance on both sides of the bridge.
     
  • DSL modems are typically bridges.
     
  • A bridge looks at each message on a LAN, "passing" those known to be within the same LAN, and forwarding those known to be on the other interconnected LAN.
     
  • Bridges may be equipped to provide frame relay support to the LAN devices they serve. A frame-relay-capable bridge encapsulates LAN frames in frame relay frames and feeds those frame relay frames to a frame relay switch for transmission across the network. A frame-relay-capable bridge also receives frame relay frames from the network, strips the frame relay frame off each LAN frame, and passes the LAN frame on to the end device.